|
Infectious and noninfectious causes of IRIS in HIV-infected patients |
|
| Infectious Etiologies |
Noninfectious etiologies |
|
|
|
| Mycobacteria |
Rheumatologic/Autoimmune |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis [4, 6, 7, 10, 11, 26, 30-32, 41, 43, 45] |
Rheumatoid arthritis [29] Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) [91] |
| Graves disease [92], Autoimmune thyroid disease [93] |
|
| Mycobacterium avium complex [4, 5, 23, 31, 94-96] |
Sarcoidosis & granulomatous reactions [20, 97] |
| Other mycobacteria [4, 56, 57, 98, 99] |
Tattoo ink [100] |
| Cytomegalovirus [4, 33, 61, 63] |
AIDS-related lymphoma [101] |
| Herpes viruses |
Guillain-Barre' syndrome (GBS) [102] |
| Herpes zoster virus [4, 32, 33, 71, 103, 104] |
Interstitial lymphoid pneumonitis [105] |
| Herpes simplex virus [4, 32, 33] |
|
| Herpes virus-associated Kaposi's sarcoma [4, 32, 106] |
|
| Cryptococcus neoformans [13, 16, 22, 28, 31, 83, 84, 86, 88] |
|
| Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) [8, 14, 32] |
|
| Histoplasmosis capsulatum [107] |
|
| Toxoplasmosis [33] |
|
| Hepatitis B virus [32, 33] |
|
| Hepatitis C virus [4, 32, 33, 108] |
|
| Progressive multifocal leukoencephalitis [12, 33, 109] |
|
| Parvovirus B19 [110] |
|
| Strongyloides stercoralis infection [111] & other parasitic infections [112] |
|
| Molluscum contagiosum & genital warts [32] |
|
| Sinusitis [113] |
|
| Folliculitis [114, 115] |
|
Murdoch et al. AIDS Research and Therapy 2007 4:9 doi:10.1186/1742-6405-4-9 |
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